See labōn on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "andalabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bilabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "ġelafian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "gelaven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"German",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "gelaben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "galabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "⇒? Middle Dutch: herlaven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "erlaven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "erlaben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "uʀlabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "gilavōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lave"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lavish"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lavien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lave"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lavish"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "laven"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "lafian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "lauwgje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*lavia"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "laven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "lāven"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "lavōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "laven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "lāven"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "labōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "laaf"
},
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "lawe"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "laavje"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "laven"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "lave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "lāven"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "lavon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "labje"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "laben"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "laben"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "labōn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "lavō",
"t": "to wash, bathe"
},
"expansion": "Latin lavō (“to wash, bathe”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lavō"
},
"expansion": "Latin lavō",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "laver"
},
"expansion": "Old French laver",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λωφάω",
"t": "to recover, rest"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λωφάω (lōpháō, “to recover, rest”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain and disputed origin.\nPossibly from Latin lavō (“to wash, bathe”), though Latin v usually becomes f or w in West Germanic (e.g. *lafendulā, *pulwī, *wall), not b; also, the early West Germanic meanings are difficult to explain, as they do not convey the meaning of \"wash\" or \"bathe\". Old High German labōn exclusively means \"to refresh, revitalize, invigorate, strengthen, provide sustenance\". Not until Middle High German did laben additionally come to mean \"wash, bathe with water\" (in addition to the existing senses). Likewise, the earliest Old English meaning was \"to pour\", not \"wash, bathe with water\". Old Saxon lavōn only means \"refresh\", and Middle Low German lāven means \"refresh, revitalise, provide with food and drink\" and never \"wash, bathe with water\". Indeed, Low German laven today still signifies \"refresh/replenish (oneself), feast\". Middle and Modern Dutch also mean \"refresh, slake one's thirst\", not \"wash\". Only through sound-alike influence from Latin lavō and Old French laver does Middle and Modern English acquire the meaning \"wash\" or \"bathe\" (in addition to earlier senses).\nAlternatively, perhaps related to Ancient Greek λωφάω (lōpháō, “to recover, rest”), itself of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "labōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "labōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "labōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "labōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "labō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "labōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "labōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "labōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*labōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/labōn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "if related to Latin lavō",
"english": "to wash",
"translation": "to wash",
"word": "laugu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to wash",
"roman": "if related to Latin lavō",
"translation": "to wash",
"word": "lauþr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"sense": "Old Dutch",
"word": "gilavon"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"sense": "Old Dutch",
"word": "irlavon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to strengthen"
],
"id": "en-labōn-gmw-pro-verb-Yljg7Gjy",
"links": [
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to strengthen"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "entlaben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "to recover from, recuperate, become strong",
"sense": "Middle High German",
"translation": "to recover from, recuperate, become strong",
"word": "gelaben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "irlaben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "erlaben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "antlabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "bilabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "gilabōn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "irlabōn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to refresh or revitalise with food, drink, warmth, etc."
],
"id": "en-labōn-gmw-pro-verb-2TeYSjnc",
"links": [
[
"refresh",
"refresh"
],
[
"revitalise",
"revitalise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to refresh or revitalise with food, drink, warmth, etc."
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "labōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "entlaben"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "antlabōn"
},
{
"word": "andalabōn"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "bilabōn"
},
{
"word": "bilabōn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "ġelafian"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "gilavōn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "gelaven"
},
{
"sense": "Old Dutch",
"word": "gilavon"
},
{
"tags": [
"German",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "gelaben"
},
{
"english": "to recover from, recuperate, become strong",
"sense": "Middle High German",
"translation": "to recover from, recuperate, become strong",
"word": "gelaben"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "gilabōn"
},
{
"word": "galabōn"
},
{
"word": "⇒? Middle Dutch: herlaven"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "erlaven"
},
{
"sense": "Old Dutch",
"word": "irlavon"
},
{
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "erlaben"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "irlaben"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "erlaben"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "irlabōn"
},
{
"word": "uʀlabōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lave"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lavish"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "lavien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lave"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lavish"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "lave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "laven"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "lafian"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "lauwgje"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*lavia"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "laven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "lāven"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "lavōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "laven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "lāven"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "labōn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "laaf"
},
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "lawe"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "laavje"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "laven"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "lave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "lāven"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "lavon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "labje"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "laben"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "laben"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "labōn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "lavō",
"t": "to wash, bathe"
},
"expansion": "Latin lavō (“to wash, bathe”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lavō"
},
"expansion": "Latin lavō",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "laver"
},
"expansion": "Old French laver",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λωφάω",
"t": "to recover, rest"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λωφάω (lōpháō, “to recover, rest”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain and disputed origin.\nPossibly from Latin lavō (“to wash, bathe”), though Latin v usually becomes f or w in West Germanic (e.g. *lafendulā, *pulwī, *wall), not b; also, the early West Germanic meanings are difficult to explain, as they do not convey the meaning of \"wash\" or \"bathe\". Old High German labōn exclusively means \"to refresh, revitalize, invigorate, strengthen, provide sustenance\". Not until Middle High German did laben additionally come to mean \"wash, bathe with water\" (in addition to the existing senses). Likewise, the earliest Old English meaning was \"to pour\", not \"wash, bathe with water\". Old Saxon lavōn only means \"refresh\", and Middle Low German lāven means \"refresh, revitalise, provide with food and drink\" and never \"wash, bathe with water\". Indeed, Low German laven today still signifies \"refresh/replenish (oneself), feast\". Middle and Modern Dutch also mean \"refresh, slake one's thirst\", not \"wash\". Only through sound-alike influence from Latin lavō and Old French laver does Middle and Modern English acquire the meaning \"wash\" or \"bathe\" (in addition to earlier senses).\nAlternatively, perhaps related to Ancient Greek λωφάω (lōpháō, “to recover, rest”), itself of unknown origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "labōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "labōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "labōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "labōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "labō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "labōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "labō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "labōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "labōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*labōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/labōn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"alt": "if related to Latin lavō",
"english": "to wash",
"translation": "to wash",
"word": "laugu"
},
{
"english": "to wash",
"roman": "if related to Latin lavō",
"translation": "to wash",
"word": "lauþr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic transitive verbs",
"gmw-pro:Strength"
],
"glosses": [
"to strengthen"
],
"links": [
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to strengthen"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic transitive verbs",
"gmw-pro:Health"
],
"glosses": [
"to refresh or revitalise with food, drink, warmth, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"refresh",
"refresh"
],
[
"revitalise",
"revitalise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to refresh or revitalise with food, drink, warmth, etc."
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "labōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for labōn meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.